Ruellia palustris

Ruellia_palustris_Durkee_holotype

You won’t believe me because I have no photo nor herbarium voucher to prove it, but…. I have both seen and collected the rare and elusive Ruellia palustris in the cellulose. Unfortunately, at the end of that most memorable OTS ecology course back in 2005, I forgot my specimens next to the plant drier at Las Cruces Biological Station while packing in haste for Barro Colorado Island at 2:30 AM. Those specimens were never recovered….just like Alfred Russell Wallace’s tragic loss of Amazonian collections when his 1848 ship caught fire. OK: maybe a little less dramatic. But no less painful!

I have no idea what Ruellia palustris is related to. It is a narrow endemic and obviously a source of my anxiety until I can find and study it again. The type collection is from La Selva, near the junction of the Río Sarapiquí and the Río Puerto Viejo. Swamp forest, just like the epithet implies (thanks Durkee).

Have you seen it while traipsing around an OTS station? Go ahead, rub it in. Maybe even squeeze a little lemon into that sore, irresponsible wound of mine. Then send me a specimen and a photo….

Wild collected, Costa Rica, B. Hamml #9341 (DUKE, holotype)

Ruellia odorata

ruellia_odorata

Every species has a story – I feel pretty lucky to have stumbled upon an amazing genus for which one could literally make a new discovery every day. Here is one example. Ruellia odorata first “came to us” during a period in which Lucinda and I were reviewing “problem” specimens, in preparation for the Ruellia treatment of Acanthaceae in Flora of Costa Rica. Through some herbarium sleuthing, we determined that this was one of four species that needed to be described as new to science, from Costa Rica alone.

[some number of years pass…]

We receive in our email inboxes an image of a mystery plant… a white flowered Ruellia from the western slopes of Costa Rica. I knew it immediately: Ruellia odorata, which we had described based only on herbarium material. The photo was a dead ringer, and I was happy to finally see this species “in the cellulose.” HUGE thanks to Reinaldo Aguilar, for sharing this with us.

I don’t know if you can see it, but on the photo I can see a small hole in the corolla tube, near the junction of the “narrow unexpanded portion” and the “expanded portion” (see McDade & Tripp 2008, Brittonia, for corolla terminology). This is most likely the result of nectar robbing by a hummingbird. They like to drill holes in floral tubes and steal the goods. Hence, botanists call them “illegitimate floral visitors.”

Wild collected, Costa Rica, voucher unknown; Photo by Reinaldo Aguilar

Ruellia nudiflora

Ruellia_nudiflora

Here’s my best advice: good luck with this one.

Ruellia nudiflora epitomizes a true species complex that, as colleague Tom Daniel once said to me, “I wouldn’t even wish it on a PhD student.”

This “species” occurs from the southern USA into Central America and seems especially happy in subtropical Mexico. It’s variable, it’s widespread, it would love for you to study it.

Wild collected, Mexico, Tripp & Dexter #162 (DUKE); Photo by Erin Tripp

Ruellia nocturna

Ruellia_nocturna_portion of holotype at Uppsala

Mikael Hedrén published this absolutely drop-dead gorgeous new species, known only from central Somalia, in 1993. Its closest relative is probably Ruellia discifolia that, unlike R. nocturna, is much more widespread in tropical areas of northeast Africa. The two species differ primarily in calyx morphology, with lobes of R. nocturna being conspicuously connate. Don’t believe me? See the photo for yourself. Simply spectacular… you’ll want to invite it over for a glass of wine.

My educated guess: R. nocturna and R. discifolia are sister species, together with R. carnea. Oh, and somewhere in the mix is R. insignis. Times are tough in Old World Ruellia. Don’t give up.

Wild collected, Somalia, photo of holotype (Thulin, Hedrén, & Dahir #7380) at Uppsala.

Ruellia morongii

Ruellia_morongii

Basal rosette forming species from Brazil that I wish I knew more about. Please chime in. Likes to grow in my yard in California, where I have learned that all fruits mature at once, and their explosive dehiscence is hygrochastic, i.e., they open upon wetting.

Ruellia morongii is not too distantly related to Ruellia hygrophila – from a similar part of the world. They occupy the Euruellia clade in the genus – see Tripp 2007 (Systematic Botany) for morphological features that characterize the clade.

Not vouchered, cultivated (RSABG + COLO Greenhouses), originally from Brazil; photo by Erin Tripp

Ruellia menthoides

Ruellia_menthoides

I am guilty of saying that every species is my favorite species, but it can’t be helped. Each conjures recollection of some wild ride required to collect the thing in the first place. Ruellia menthoides is one such special species with a special story of discovery. I’ll leave it at that for now. What a beauty.

This is a highly distinctive locally endemic species of the Venezuelan flora… first seen and collected with my most terrific traveling companion Manuel Lujan in 2009. Note the characteristic pink stripes on an otherwise stark white corolla.

Wild collected, Venezuela, Tripp & Lujan #470 (RSA-POM); Photo by Erin Tripp

Ruellia megasphaera

One of many still elusive (to me) Mexican species of Ruellia. This fuchsia-flowered plant appears to be closely related to several other Mexican taxa including: R. novogaliciana (red flowered), R. mcvaughii (red), R. petiolaris (yellow), R. matagalpae (purple), R. foetida (white), R. amoena (fuchsia), and R. alboviolacea (white). Sweet clade. I have never seen it, but our good friend and colleague Tom Daniel kindly provided me with this photo. I’d really like to grow it in my yard.

Fast forward to 2016… and THANK YOU US NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONDUCT THIS LATEST RESEARCH! First, start by reading the entry to Ruellia matudae. Second, stop and grab an elote. THIS was a damn fine day in Chiapas! Ruellia megasphaera was the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow that, despite our giggles and good atty-tudes (you there, Philadelphia), we three field leprechauns never thought we would find. The good fortune started with Amanda Fisher somehow spotting Ruellia matudae from the narrowest slice of daylight visible directly above her head from the crowded back seat of our rental jalopy. WAAAAAAIIIIIIT! She called it. Acanth party time, folks! Just one hour later and two kilometers up that dirt track, we found a single individual of Ruellia megasphaera. With sessile inflorescences, pale greenish-white bracts, and the darkest loveliest pink flowers that will make any botanist wooze to her kneeze, this species goes down as one of the most curious in the entire New World radiation. Ask me why….

Wild Collected, Mexico, Tripp, Luján, & Fisher #5756 (COLO); Photos by M. Luján

Ruellia mcvaughii

Ruellia_mcvaughii

This is among my favorite finds in Mexico (wait – is this accurate? how many favorites am I allowed?). Kate and I stumbled upon it rather accidentally, while on an intense day of fieldwork in Jalisco, traversing the state from north to south. Its crimson red corollas are visited by hummingbirds. Ruellia mcvaughii is a very very close relative of Ruellia novogaliciana…its sister species, in fact.

Wild collected, Mexico, Tripp & Deregibus #202 (DUKE); Photo by Erin Tripp

Ruellia maya

Ruellia_maya

I love this species – Tom did an excellent job describing it. It is incredibly distinct and could never be confused with any other Ruellia. Its phylogenetic position (closely related to Ruellia blechum) is intriguing…I’m still not sure what to make of it. At any rate, it appears to be a highly endemic specialty of southern Mexico. I saw it on the same magical day that Kyle and I first saw Ruellia jussieuoides, while basking in the hot yellow sun and warm turquoise waters of Cascadas de Agua Azul.

Wild collected, Mexico, Tripp & Dexter #157 (DUKE); photo by Erin Tripp

Ruellia matudae

So you’ve driven 600 miles and you find yourself finally at the end of the road. Central Chiapas. Comfortably close to the border of the ever mysterious Reserva Biosfera El Triunfo. You took your chance on some place to rest your head in that tiny, coffee town at the end of the road, Finca Custepec. But just like the locals warned you, there is only worker bunk housing here. Fortunately, I arrived with two most excellent traveling companions: Manuel Luján (reliable and terrific as always) and my dear bud Amanda Fisher… long time grass expert but slowing catching the Acanth fever. They are non-complainers. We are here in attempt to track down a couple of rare species of Ruellia, both of which are Chiapas endemics or near-endemics. We didn’t find either along the way, despite regular searches throughout the course of our all day journey. We will try tomorrow….

Lucky for us, we were introduced to El Jefe of the Finca. I am trying desperately to remember his name but am failing to do so (dear kind soul: if you read this, please get in touch!). He had 3 beds available for us at his private quarters, but only 2 of them had mattresses. Nevermind that, I love sleeping on hard, wooden planks (true). It was a cold night, but the most excellent hospitality in combination with the stupendous, hot espresso and thrill of the next morning made up for the shiver.

On my early morning jog, I took a couple of side trails up nearby mountains, through what appeared to be suitable habitat for the species we were after: Ruellia matudae and Ruellia megasphaera. Zero for two. I got a lot of funny looks by the locals but waved as if everything was as normal as possible. Back and showered by 7:30 AM, Amanda, Manuel, and I set off up the hill for a long, much needed multi-hour walk. There are two routes out of the finca on foot – one leads to some unspecified primary forests on some unspecified piece of land, and the other leads to El Triunfo proper, eventually crossing up and over the Sierras before dropping down towards Pijijiapan on the Pacific Slope. We are warned not to go the latter route because of robbers, which immediately made me want to do so. But we opted for route #1 instead. We hiked for numerous hours, crossing in and out of more fincas for the most part, with occasional bouts into primary forest. The footpath eventually ended at a family finca… a very nice couple who welcomed us in. They said there was no other route into the primary forest. Major bummer.

Feeling defeated, we retreated. We reached Finca Custepec and our car well after mid-day. But we still felt curious about label data written up by Dennis Breedlove and other ‘old pros’ at the Cal Academy. Thus, we made a very very slow retreat out of that wonderful place, driving up various side tracks along the way. It worked, and all of the above is to say: many unnecessary details occlude the final moment of finding what you are after. In this case, it was Amanda sticking her head sufficiently far enough outside the rear window to spot, in passing, a small pink flower on a nearly vertical slope. It was Ruellia matudae. We spent the next several hours studying and collecting it, scrambling the scratchy slopes until we had enough material in hand. This plant has the sexiest winged peduncles ever. You can also check these out on Matuda’s 1966 type specimen. Ruellia matudae is quite interesting because of its floral color (dark pink) and its close relationship to Ruellia pereducta, which is also dark pink, and to Ruellia breedlovei, which is purple. Based on currently available data, it is unknown whether Ruellia matudae is ancestral to or derived with respect to these two species

On the way out, we bagged Ruellia megasphaera nearby. Both species utterly remarkable and both species ‘new to Erin’. More on the latter species under that entry.

I love Chiapas – its plants AND its coffee.

Wild Collected, Mexico, Tripp, Luján, & Fisher #5754 (COLO); Photos by M. Luján